Convert Degree to Radian with Distance in Java

Kartik Chandra Mandal March 05, 2018

To convert degrees to radians and then calculate the distance between two points on a sphere (like the Earth), you can use the following steps in Java:

1. Convert Degrees to Radians

The conversion formula from degrees to radians is:

Fig 1

Fig 1

2. Calculate Distance on a Sphere (Haversine Formula)

The Haversine formula is used to calculate the distance between two points on the surface of a sphere given their latitude and longitude in radians.

Formula:

Fig 2

Fig 2

Where:

ϕ1,ϕ2 are the latitudes in radians,
λ1,λ2 are the longitudes in radians,
Δϕ=ϕ2−ϕ1 ,
Δλ=λ2−λ1 ,
R is the radius of the Earth (mean radius = 6,371 km).

Java Code Example:

java

public class DegreeToRadianAndDistance {

// Method to convert degrees to radians

public static double degreesToRadians(double degrees) {

return Math.toRadians(degrees);

}

public static void degToRad(){

double pointX,pointY,x = 0,y = 0,distance = 10,angle = 30;

pointX = Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 45;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 60;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 90;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 120;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 180;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 210;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

angle = 290;

pointX = x + distance * Math.cos(Math.toRadians( angle ));

pointY = y + distance * Math.sin(Math.toRadians( angle ));

System.out.println("pointX -->"+pointX+" pointY-->"+pointY);

}

// Method to calculate the distance between two points on Earth using Haversine formula

public static double haversineDistance(double lat1, double lon1, double lat2, double lon2) {

final int R = 6371; // Radius of the Earth in kilometers

// Convert latitude and longitude from degrees to radians

double lat1Rad = degreesToRadians(lat1);

double lon1Rad = degreesToRadians(lon1);

double lat2Rad = degreesToRadians(lat2);

double lon2Rad = degreesToRadians(lon2);

// Calculate the differences

double dLat = lat2Rad - lat1Rad;

double dLon = lon2Rad - lon1Rad;

// Haversine formula

double a = Math.sin(dLat / 2) * Math.sin(dLat / 2) +

Math.cos(lat1Rad) * Math.cos(lat2Rad) *

Math.sin(dLon / 2) * Math.sin(dLon / 2);

double c = 2 * Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a), Math.sqrt(1 - a));

// Calculate the distance

double distance = R * c;

return distance; // Distance in kilometers

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Example coordinates (latitude, longitude)

double lat1 = 52.5200; // Berlin

double lon1 = 13.4050;

double lat2 = 48.8566; // Paris

double lon2 = 2.3522;

// Convert degree to radians and calculate the distance

double distance = haversineDistance(lat1, lon1, lat2, lon2);

System.out.println("Distance between Berlin and Paris: " + distance + " km");

}

}

Explanation:

degreesToRadians(double degrees): Converts degrees to radians using Math.toRadians(), which internally multiplies the input by π180\frac{\pi}{180}180π.
haversineDistance():

Takes the latitude and longitude of two points in degrees.
Converts them to radians.
Applies the Haversine formula to calculate the great-circle distance between the points on the Earth's surface.

main:

Example coordinates are given for Berlin and Paris.
The distance between these two cities is calculated and printed.

Output:

text

pointX -->0.8660254037844387 pointY-->0.49999999999999994

pointX -->8.660254037844387 pointY-->4.999999999999999

pointX -->7.0710678118654755 pointY-->7.071067811865475

pointX -->5.000000000000001 pointY-->8.660254037844386

pointX -->6.123233995736766E-16 pointY-->10.0

pointX -->-4.999999999999998 pointY-->8.660254037844387

pointX -->-10.0 pointY-->1.2246467991473533E-15

pointX -->-8.660254037844386 pointY-->-5.000000000000001

pointX -->3.4202014332566897 pointY-->-9.396926207859083

Distance between Berlin and Paris: 878.84 km

This code calculates the approximate distance between two geographical points on the Earth, using their latitude and longitude values, which are first converted from degrees to radians. The Haversine formula is particularly useful for computing the distance between points on a sphere, accounting for the curvature of the Earth.

Convert Degrees to Radians

Convert Degrees to Radians

Degrees To Radians

Degrees To Radians

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